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Dimethyl ether as alternative fuel for CI engine and vehicle

Zhen HUANG , Xinqi QIAO , Wugao ZHANG , Junhua WU , Junjun ZHANG ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 99-108 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0013-1

摘要： As a developing and the most populous country in the world, China faces major challenges in energy supply and environmental protection. It is of great importance to develop clean and alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. On the basis of researches on DME engine and vehicle at Shanghai Jiaotong University in the last twelve years, fuel injection, combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of DME engine and DME vehicle are introduced in this paper. The results indicate that DME engines can achieve high thermal efficiency and ultra low emissions, and will play a significant role in meeting the energy demand while minimizing environmental impact in China.

关键词： dimethyl ether (DME) fuel injection combustion process emission control CI engine vehicle

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Bioenergy recovery from landfill gas: A case study in China

Wei WANG, Yuxiang LUO, Zhou DENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 20-31 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0012-9

摘要： Landfill gas (LFG) utilization which means a synergy between environmental protection and bioenergy recovery was investigated in this study. Pressure swing adsorption technology was used in LFG purification, and laboratory experiment, pilot-scale test, and on-site demonstration were carried out in Shenzhen, China. In the laboratory experiment, A-type carbon molecular sieve was selected as the adsorbent by comparison of several other adsorbents. The optimal adsorption pressure and adsorption time were 0.25 MPa and 2 min, respectively, under which the product generation rate was 4.5 m /h and the methane concentration was above 90%. The process and optimization of the pilot-scale test were also reported in the paper. The product gas was of high quality compared with the National Standard of Compressed Natural Gas as Vehicle Fuel (GB18047-2000), when the air concentration in feed gas was under 10.96%. The demonstration project was composed of a collection system, production system, and utilization system. The drive performance, environmental protection performance, and economic feasibility of the product gas – as alternative fuel in passenger car, truck, and bulldozer – were tested, showing the feasibility technology for LFG utilization.

关键词： landfill gas (LFG) compressed purified landfill gas (CPLG) pressure swing adsorption (PSA) alternative vehicle fuel demonstration project

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Failure mode investigation of fuel cell for vehicle application

Zhongjun HOU, Renfang WANG, Keyong WANG, Weiyu SHI, Danming XING, Hongchun JIANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 318-325 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0488-0

摘要： The durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been posing a key technical challenge to commercial spread of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). To improve the durability, it is necessary to optimize the fuel cell system (FCS) design against failure modes. The fuel cell durability research method at FCS scale was exhibited, and the failure modes of fuel cell were experimentally investigated in this paper. It is found that the fuel cell dry operation, start/stop cycle and gas diffusion layer (GDL) flooding are typical failure modes of fuel cells. After the modifications against the failure modes, the durability of FCSs is improved to over 3000 h step by step.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) fuel cell system (FCS) durability failure mode fuel cell vehicle (FCV) carbon corrosion water management

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Emission components characteristics of a bi-fuel vehicle at idling condition

Sameh M. METWALLEY, Shawki A. ABOUEL-SEOUD, Abdelfattah M. FARAHAT

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 322-329 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0158-6

摘要： Natural gas (NG) represents today a promising alternative to conventional fuels for road vehicles propulsion, since it is characterized by a relatively low cost, better geopolitical distribution than oil, and lower environmental impact. This explains the current spreading of compressed natural gas (CNG) fuelled spark ignition (SI) engine, above all in the bi-fuel version, which is able to run either with gasoline or with NG. However, the aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the emission characteristics at idling condition. The vehicle engine was converted to bi-fueling system from a gasoline engine, and operated separately either with gasoline or CNG. Two different fuel injection systems (i.e., multi-point injection (MPI)-sequential and closed-loop venturi-continuous) are used, and their influences on the formation of emissions at different operating conditions are examined. A detailed comparative analysis of the engine exhaust emissions using gasoline and CNG is made. The results indicate that the CNG shows low air index and lower emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ), and total hydrocarbon (THC) compared to gasoline.

关键词： road vehicle engine fuel injection systems carbon monoxide (CO) carbon dioxide (CO₂) total hydrocarbon (THC) vehicle idle conditions air index

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Accelerated life-time test of MEA durability under vehicle operating conditions in PEM fuel cell

Tian TIAN, Jianjun TANG, Wei GUO, Mu PAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 326-333 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0489-z

摘要： In this paper, a novel accelerated test method was proposed to analyze the durability of MEA, considering the actual operation of the fuel cell vehicle. The proposed method includes 7 working conditions: open circuit voltage (OCV), idling, rated output, overload, idling-rated cycle, idling-overload cycle, and OCV-idling cycle. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively destroy the MEA in a short time (165 h). Moreover, the degradation mechanism of MEA was analyzed by measuring the polarization curve, CV, SEM and TEM. This paper may provide a new research direction for improving the durability of fuel cell.

关键词： polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell accelerated life-time test load cycling test durability

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汽车节油迫在眉睫

胡晓春,张宝吉,蒋福康,汪燮卿

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第10期页码 10-15

摘要：

石油是关系到国家安全的重要战略资源，中国是石油资源相对缺乏的国家，节约用油、提高资源利用效率尤为重要。指出了现阶段我国汽车用油存在的问题；分析了汽车节油技术发展趋势和政策措施；提出通过政策措施倡导节约优先、效率为本的观念，重点开发和应用各种节油技术，提高油品质量，加快淘汰老旧车型，积极开发替代资源，大力发展公共交通和现代物流是现阶段我国汽车节油减排的有效途径。

关键词：汽车节油燃料经济性替代燃料新能源公共交通政策措施

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燃料电池商用车产业发展现状与展望

谭旭光, 余卓平

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第5期页码 152-158 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.019

摘要：

面对全球严峻的节能减排与能源紧缺形势，国内外都将燃料电池汽车作为汽车行业的未来战略方向，高能耗高排放的商用车技术变革更显迫切。本文分析了国内外燃料电池汽车产业的发展动态，梳理了主要国家在燃料电池汽车开发和推广过程中所采取的各项举措，总结了我国燃料电池汽车产业发展的优势与面临的问题。研究表明，基于国家级产业引导政策，燃料电池汽车发展路线应以商用车为主；针对制约燃料电池商用车发展的因素，建议通过顶层设计，出台产业专项规划以明确产业发展的方向、目标和重点；强化燃料电池关键共性技术研发突破，解决制约产业快速发展的瓶颈问题，推动燃料电池汽车产业高质量发展。

关键词：燃料电池商用车氢能新能源

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Analysis on carbon emission reduction intensity of fuel cell vehicles from a life-cycle perspective

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0909-1

摘要： The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is rapidly developing in China for carbon reduction and neutrality. This paper evaluated the life-cycle cost and carbon emission of hydrogen energy via lots of field surveys, including hydrogen production and packing in chlor-alkali plants, transport by tube trailers, storage and refueling in hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs), and application for use in two different cities. It also conducted a comparative study for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). The result indicates that hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (FCV) has the best environmental performance but the highest energy cost. However, a sufficient hydrogen supply can significantly reduce the carbon intensity and FCV energy cost of the current system. The carbon emission for FCV application has the potential to decrease by 73.1% in City A and 43.8% in City B. It only takes 11.0%–20.1% of the BEV emission and 8.2%–9.8% of the ICEV emission. The cost of FCV driving can be reduced by 39.1% in City A. Further improvement can be obtained with an economical and “greener” hydrogen production pathway.

关键词： hydrogen energy life-cycle assessment (LCA) fuel cell vehicle carbon emission energy cost

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Transportation: meeting the dual challenges of achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions

Michael Quanlu WANG, Hong HUO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 212-225 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0016-y

摘要： As the population and economy continue to grow globally, demand for energy will continue to grow. The transportation sector relies solely on petroleum for its energy supply. The United States and China are the top two oil-importing countries. A major issue both countries face and are addressing is energy insecurity as a result of the demand for liquid fuels. Improvements in the energy efficiency of vehicles and the substitution of petroleum fuels with alternative fuels can help contain growth in the demand for transportation oil. Although most alternative transportation fuels - when applied to advanced vehicle technologies - can substantially reduce greenhouse emissions, coal-based liquid fuels may increase greenhouse gas emissions by twice as much as gasoline. Such technologies as carbon capture and storage may need to be employed to manage the greenhouse gas emissions of coal-based fuels. At present, there is no ideal transportation fuel option to solve problems related to transportation energy and greenhouse gas emissions. To solve these problems, research and development efforts are needed for a variety of transportation fuel options and advanced vehicle technologies.

关键词： transportation energy energy security greenhouse gases alternative fuels vehicle technologies

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Abating transport GHG emissions by hydrogen fuel cell vehicles: Chances for the developing world

Han HAO, Zhexuan MU, Zongwei LIU, Fuquan ZHAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 466-480 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0561-3

摘要：

Fuel cell vehicles, as the most promising clean vehicle technology for the future, represent the major chances for the developing world to avoid high-carbon lock-in in the transportation sector. In this paper, by taking China as an example, the unique advantages for China to deploy fuel cell vehicles are reviewed. Subsequently, this paper analyzes the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 19 fuel cell vehicle utilization pathways by using the life cycle assessment approach. The results show that with the current grid mix in China, hydrogen from water electrolysis has the highest GHG emissions, at 3.10 kgCO₂/km, while by-product hydrogen from the chlor-alkali industry has the lowest level, at 0.08 kgCO₂/km. Regarding hydrogen storage and transportation, a combination of gas-hydrogen road transportation and single compression in the refueling station has the lowest GHG emissions. Regarding vehicle operation, GHG emissions from indirect methanol fuel cell are proved to be lower than those from direct hydrogen fuel cells. It is recommended that although fuel cell vehicles are promising for the developing world in reducing GHG emissions, the vehicle technology and hydrogen production issues should be well addressed to ensure the life-cycle low-carbon performance.

关键词： hydrogen fuel cell vehicle life cycle assessment energy consumption greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions China

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Impact of gasoline engine deposits on light duty vehicle emissions: in-use case study in Beijing, China

Xin YUE, Ye WU, Xianjiang HUANG, Yao MA, Yuan PANG, Xiaofeng BAO, Jiming HAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 717-724 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0438-3

摘要： Tailpipe emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles usually deteriorate over time. The accumulation of engine deposits due to inadequate gasoline detergency is considered to be one of the major causes of such emission deterioration. Six in-use light-duty gasoline vehicles in Beijing were tested to investigate the impact of engine deposits on emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO ). Emissions under cold start and hot running test conditions from the six light duty vehicles were measured before and after engine deposits were removed. Results show that although individual vehicles reacted differently for each of the pollutants, elimination of engine deposits on average reduced HC emissions under hot running conditions by 29.4%, CO emissions under cold start conditions by 23.0% and CO emissions under hot running conditions by 35.5% ( <0.05 in all cases). No pollutant emissions increased with statistical significance ( <0.05) after the removal of engine deposits. Variations of emission changes upon removal of engine deposits were observed. Such variations are in line with previous studies, implying that the impact patterns of engine deposits on vehicle emissions may be subject to many influencing factors that are not fully understood and difficult to control under all conditions. A statistical view of the impact of engine deposits on vehicle emissions may be appropriate for evaluation of emissions reductions across a city or a country. It is necessary to maintain sufficient and effective gasoline fuel detergency in practice to keep the engines clean and in turn reduce vehicle emissions.

关键词： engine deposit fuel quality detergency vehicle emission

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车用燃料电池电堆比功率提升的技术途径探讨

侯明,邵志刚,衣宝廉

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 84-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.002

摘要：

燃料电池车作为新能源汽车的一种，以其续驶里程长、动力性能高、燃料加注快、兼容可再生能源等特点，得到愈来愈广泛的重视。燃料电池堆是燃料电池汽车的核心，其比功率是反应燃料电池堆技术水平的重要指标，掌握高比功率燃料电池电堆技术可以降低电堆硬件数量，从而也会使电堆成本得到大幅降低。国际上先进的燃料电池堆由于具有高的比功率使其在车辆有限空间能提供较大功率，满足了车辆动力需求；然而，国内目前电堆比功率相比国际先进水平还有一定差距，针对这一问题，本文从高活性催化剂、增强复合质子交换膜、高扰动流场、导电耐腐蚀薄金属双极板、电堆组装与一致性等多方面，探讨了提高燃料电池电堆比功率的技术途径，基于理论与实践积累分析了燃料电池活化极化、欧姆极化及传质极化与材料、部件、组装的关联性，为进一步提高燃料电池堆性能与比功率提供方向性参考。

关键词：燃料电池车燃料电池电堆性能比功率

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发展我国生物柴油产业的探讨

闵恩泽,唐忠,杜泽学,吴巍

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第4期页码 1-4

摘要：

生物柴油来源于动植物油脂等可再生资源。作为矿物柴油的替代燃料，生物柴油具有空气污染物排放少、润滑性好、生物降解完全等优点，但生物柴油的成本高是制约其发展的瓶颈。结合我国具体国情，从原料（油料作物、油料林木果实、油藻和食用废油等）的综合利用，生物柴油的加工技术（酸碱催化、酶催化、无催化和副产高品质甘油的酯交换工艺），以及高附加值的后续产品（润滑添加剂、特种溶剂、表面活性剂等）的开发利用等方面，阐述了生物柴油作为环境友好的替代燃料和大宗有机化工原料的可行性。指出必须开发符合我国国情的生物柴油专有技术，才能使生物柴油产业成为真正具有竞争力的新兴产业。

关键词：生物柴油替代燃料加工技术

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Modeling and simulation analysis on parallel hybrid air-fuel vehicle

Pinglu CHEN, Xiaoli YU, Xianghong NIE, Yidong FANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 553-559 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0008-y

摘要： Based on the vehicle simulation software ADVISOR, the model of a parallel air-fuel hybrid vehicle was established, and the modeling of an air powered engine (APE), heat exchanger, braking air tank and control strategy were discussed in detail. Using the vehicle model, a hybrid vehicle refitted from a traditional diesel car was analyzed. The results show that for the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) and the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET) driving cycle, the total reductions in fossil fuel consumption of the hybrid vehicle were 48.29%, 48.51% and 22.07%, respectively, and the emissions could be decreased greatly compared with the traditional diesel car, while the compressed air consumptions of the hybrid vehicle were 97.366, 85.292 and 56.358 kg/100 km, respectively. Using the diesel equivalent as the indicator of fuel economy, the hybrid vehicle could improve the fuel economy by 14.71% and 16.75% for the NEDC and the UDDS driving cycles and decrease by 5.04% for the HWFET driving cycle compared with the traditional car. The simulation model and analysis in this paper could act as the theoretical basis and research platform in optimizing the key components and control strategy of hybrid air-fuel vehicles.

关键词： air powered engine hybrid vehicle internal combustion engine simulation